Friday, January 30, 2015

Time for a Conversation

It was one of those awful moments of self-awareness. My husband and I had just discussed a money issue, and things were a little tense. “I just wanted to have a conversation about it,” I said. “We didn’t have a conversation,” he said. “You talked at me about it.” Painfully true. Luckily, we have 30+ years of water under the bridge and lots of practice at forgiving, so all is well. But it made me think about coaching……

Coaching is about conversations. When we talk about teaching, there’s an exchange of ideas, with both (or all) parties offering content for the dialogue. A shared belief that teaching is such important and complex work that we will never do it perfectly invites rich professional conversations.

Other than modeling, all of the coaching moves in the GIR model should be dialogic in nature. The back-and-forth of conversation is what leads to understanding and changed practice. Let’s take a closer look at asking questions as dialogue.  Here's a non-example:

This week, I asked a student teacher I was working with an admittedly great question! I’d been in her room during one of those magical discussions where students build on one another’s ideas in an authentic way. Kids were describing what a main idea is, and they really helped each other learn. Not much later in the lesson, however, the magic was gone and the discussion felt forced. So, in our debrief conversation, I wanted to take the intern back to the magical spot for analysis. I asked, “What’s your hypothesis about why that magical interaction happened?”  You’ve got to admit, that is a good question!  But here’s where I fell short in my obligation as a coach. After only a few seconds of wait time, I jumped in and asked if I could share my hypothesis. That was a conversation killer! When I suggested that her open-ended question and spontaneous and authentic response to a students’ answer had sparked the magic, the student teacher nodded and smiled. But I had robbed her of the opportunity of figuring that out for herself, which would have been much richer learning.

Quickly, I knew what I should have done, but it was too late. I should have waited longer for her to respond, even though her peers were all staring at her (that would have provided a good model for them, right?). If silence persisted, I could have scaffolded her thinking with additional questions that took her back to the moment and helped her relive and reflect. But I didn’t --- and I know better than that!

So, I resolve to “walk the talk” and engage in two-way conversations with those I am coaching. When I give a less-confident teacher a recommendation, it’s going to be more effective if couched in dialogue. Even praise will hit its mark in a more meaningful way if it’s part of an exchange of ideas.

And, if my husband’s lucky. I might just bring my coaching skills home.  J


This week, you might want to take a look at:

The Ted Talk about body language has important implications for coaches and teachers:



Getting students’ attention without saying a word (1 minute worth sharing):



Ideas for using technology to teach grammar and sentence fluency:



Ideas for Black History Month on Pinterest:



Someone’s version of the 50 Top books for teachers – how many have you read?

http://www.eschoolnews.com/2014/06/13/50-top-books-teachers-545/2/


 That’s it for this week.  Happy Coaching!

Friday, January 23, 2015

Least Restrictive Environment

As educators, we’re familiar with use of the term “least restrictive environment” when it comes to students with IEPs. But have we thought about it in terms of the teachers we mentor and coach?

Perhaps you’ve seen this play out at your school. Although some teachers are required to follow the curriculum to the letter, the principal is fine with other teachers operating behind closed doors (ignoring pacing guides, required material, etc.) because they’ve proven that their students will achieve.

Now let’s think about what “least restrictive environment” means for mentoring and coaching.  Novices may need a more restrictive environment: doing exactly what you recommend so that students receive solid instruction. We make the environment less restrictive for them as they show what they’re capable of. More expertise means more freedom. It should also mean a change in our coaching conversations.

As teachers become more proficient, we can refine our mentoring. We recommend less and ask questions more. And we can focus our questions on aspects of instruction where teachers get the most bang for their buck.

One of the most important aspects of good instruction, across all disciplines and grade levels, is the inclusion of talk. Asking good questions and facilitating discussions that involve all learners enhances student learning.  This week, I talked with coaches about how they were helping teachers improve their discussion skills. Their responses demonstrated a range of coaching moves, differentiated to match the needs of the teachers they were working with.

One mentor gave both a resource and a recommendation. She gave the teacher a depth-of-knowledge chart and encouraged her to use the chart to help her formulate good questions. She suggested the teacher plan questions in advance and write them on her lesson plans. These resources and recommendations provided strong scaffolding for the teacher as she worked to improve her class discussions.

Similarly, another coach suggested that questions be prepared ahead of time and encouraged use of text-dependent questions during a read-aloud.  Her specific recommendations provided a focus for an upcoming lesson.

Another coach made a recommendation that the teacher call on the quiet students. After the teacher put this into action, the coach followed up by asking, “What do you notice about their answers?” This combination of recommending and questioning increased the teacher’s responsibility, encouraging reflection that supported future decision making.

A thought-provoking question was asked by the coach of a teacher who was more proficient in leading class discussions. This coach asked, “How do you choose who to ask?” Her question prompted thoughtful reflection on the part of the teacher – introspection that led her to refine this decision-making process that happens almost instantaneously.

From providing resources and recommendations to making specific recommendations and asking questions, the coaches' support was differentiated to give the “least restrictive” coaching that would result in improved classroom discourse.

What’s the least restrictive environment for the teachers you are working with? Just like students with IEP’s, it will be different for each and every one!




This week, you might want to take a look at:

NCTE Student Writing Awards: February 13 is the deadline!




The A-B-Cs of Giving Feedback to a Colleague:



Honor your colleagues and their professional choice by sharing the sentiments in this blog post:



A video about having students create vocabulary paint chips:



A thoughtful discussion with Charlotte Danielson (author of Frameworks for Teaching) about the Common Core State Standards (just click on the X to close the annoying pop-up):




That’s it for this week.  Happy coaching!

Friday, January 16, 2015

Coaching the Already-Effective Teacher

What do you say as a coach when you have just observed a well-polished lesson? In addition to affirming and praising (natural responses when you see good things happening!), the coaching move of asking questions can play a helpful role. That’s because the already-effective teacher may know better than you do what didn’t go quite as she had hoped; a prompt from you could provide the cognitive coaching to help her pinpoint aspects of her teaching that she wants to fine-tune.

This week, I spoke with a coach, Becki, who is working with a very solid teacher. “Shelly is great,” she said. “Her instruction is well-planned, her delivery is strong.” Becki could go on and on, talking about “so many wonderful things” that she had observed. So what is Becki’s role as a coach? How can she be of service?

Becki said that after telling this teacher, “Shelly, this is what happened that I want to brag on you about,” she asks, “When you were going through it….when you were actually teaching, what was going through your head, and you thought, ‘I wish I would have said this,’ or ‘I wish I would have done this differently.’ What was going through your head?” Becki said, “That just cues her” and “she will instantly respond.” For example, when Becki asked that question recently, Shelly said, “You know, I always feel like I rush closing. Like I’m looking at the time and so instead of really bringing it back into what I had planned to do for closure, I end up not doing that at all.” Although this surprised Becki (who felt she had seen Shelly bring closure to the lesson), Becki’s prompt helped them zero in on the fact that it wasn’t the closure Shelly had planned and hoped for. This recognition provided the opening to talk together about how to manage the lesson to ensure adequate time for the important opportunity for students to reflect on their learning at the conclusion of a lesson.

Although already-effective teachers may not need your modeling or recommending, asking questions is a coaching move that can help these experts further refine their instruction. Reconnecting them with the fleeting thoughts they had while a lesson was in progress is a valuable coaching move.


This week, you might want to take a look at:

10 Classroom activities to celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.:



How to develop conversational courage – an important coaching skill!


A video about assessment and curriculum mapping:



Research skills - How to prevent plagiarism before it begins:


Ideas for using wordless picture books as an instructional tool for learners of all ages:



Apps tested and approved by teachers (sorted by category):




That’s it for this week. Happy coaching!

Friday, January 9, 2015

Teachers Collecting Feedback: Snapshots in an Album

In previous posts, we’ve considered the value of feedback as part of an effective recommendation (feedback + advise = recommendation). Feedback is “a reaction or response to a particular process or activity” (dictionary.com). Although gathering and providing feedback can be an important service provided by a coach, when teachers are ready to take on more responsibility, encouraging them to gather their own evidence is an effective coaching move.  This encouragement can come through questions asked during planning and reflecting conversations.

During planning conversations, I’ve asked the question, “How will you know whether your students are learning what you intended?” This question encourages teachers to consider the evidence of understanding that they’ll be looking for. It sharpens their focus on formative assessment, urging them to collect feedback about the lesson’s effectiveness while it is in progress.  For example, when I asked Amanda, a second-grade teacher, how she would know whether students were getting the big idea during her lesson on story elements, she said, “I’ll have a better idea of where each individual student is by observing and talking to them in their small groups.” I followed up with, “What will you hear if students are understanding?” This probing question pushed her to think concretely about her expectations. I also asked, “How will you keep track of what you hear?” Although teachers can rely on their memories for an overall sense of the lesson’s effectiveness, anecdotal records present snapshots of individual students that are useful for planning further instruction.

In a conversation after the lesson, I asked Amanda, “What did students’ work reveal about their understanding?” She first provided an overview: “They discovered that their stories became very different when the story elements changed.” Amanda went on to give specific examples, like snapshots in an album, that evidenced her careful observation. For instance, she said, “One of my middle groups definitely had a grasp on story structure. I could tell because when I came over to discuss with them, they had written a B, M, & E on their paper to make sure they met all three parts. They did this all without me probing to do so!”

When I inquired about individual differences, Amanda noted, “Some students show high understanding of story structure and are able to put their thoughts down on paper very well. Others are so befuddled in the structure of stories and writing that they are unable to communicate their ideas down on paper.” This declaration led to a discussion about how future lessons might be differentiated to respond to students’ varying abilities.

As teachers collect their own feedback about a lesson’s effectiveness, they sharpen their observation skills and become astute kid-watchers. Data they collect documents the story of students’ growth and provides important information for ongoing instruction and intervention. The questions we ask as coaches, like those listed above, can be a catalyst for these important snapshots.


This week, you might want to take a look at:

This video, in which Linda Darling-Hammond discusses collaborative work as effective professional development:



Book Previews are like a movie trailer:



Tips for helping students become close readers:



Is a research project looming in an upcoming unit? Here are 13 ways to make sure students hate research:


If you like grammar (or struggle with students who don’t), you’ll enjoy this video by “Weird Al” Yankovic:




That’s it for this week. Happy Coaching!