Friday, March 21, 2014

Coaching by Walking Around

“You can observe a lot by watching.”
                                                 ~Yogi Berra

Although I’m guessing you already have plenty of acronyms in your educational vocabulary, today’s coaching blog post suggests you add one more: CBWA – Coaching by Walking Around.   In suggesting that you try CBWA, I’m putting a new spin on an old practice that is gaining renewed energy in the business world.  “Management by walking around” was popularized in the 1980’s and is making a comeback because it builds rapport and provides a first-hand opportunity to see how things are going.  Coaches can benefit from the practice for the same reason.  Here are some tips for reaping the benefits of CBWA:

1.   Make CBWA part of your routine.  Let colleagues know you’ve learned about a new coaching practice and want to give it a try.  Tell them you’ll be casually dropping into rooms for quick visits…Just long enough to lend a hand in passing out papers or kneel down and have a child explain his work.  Block out short, random spots on your calendar several times during the week.  The more often you do it, the more beneficial it is.  In 15 minutes you can make the rounds, see lots of teachers, students, and classrooms, and get some exercise, too!  Make sure your CBWA walks are at different times during the day so you get a sense of the wide variety of learning that is going on. 

2.  Go it alone.  Make it a solo experience.  Don’t walk in with another teacher.  Don’t walk with the principal or assistant principal – that smells like evaluation!  Your intention is to be in tune with the contexts, content, and routines of learning so that the support your offer – whether one-on-one, small-group, or in a staff training – is on target. 

3.  Visit everybody.  Dropping in on some folks more often than others is likely to create the wrong kind of buzz.  Hopefully coaching in your building is an all-in model: Everyone (including you!) benefits from the process.  So as part of the CBWA process, try to spend roughly the same amount of time in each classroom – not necessarily in the same day or week, but over time and across visits. 

4.  Recognize good ideas.  Leave a quick note – a small post-it is all it takes – naming one specific thing you noticed or appreciated.  Especially well-received is an anecdotal record about the great thinking a specific student was doing.  Don’t criticize.  Recommendations can come in other parts of your coaching work as needed, but keep CBWA positive.  Remember, your goals for walking around are to gather information and build rapport.  Don’t undermine your effort.

Being visible to all teachers in the school – with a smile on your face and a compliment in your wake – can keep you in tune and open doors for ongoing coaching work. 


This week, you might want to take a look at:

The great quote on this Pinterest board (so true for me!):



A video about literacy in the high school science classroom:



A podcast about student research:

Reading for pleasure boosts math scores and more:



This lesson plan from NCTM, based on the Apache game "Throw Sticks," packs plenty of math content into a simple variation of a game of chance:



That’s it for this week.  Happy Coaching!

Saturday, March 15, 2014

Modeling as a Blueprint for Redesigning Instruction

Have you thought about how different teaching is from other professions?  In the giant Venn diagram of jobs, teaching has many characteristics that fall only within its sphere.  One of them is the experiences teachers bring to the profession.  Unlike other professionals, teachers take on their role having had considerable experience as recipients of the service they are about to provide.  Although a new lawyer may have had some interactions as a client in the legal system, and certainly doctors have been patients multiple times in their lives, teachers have far more experience in the “customer’s” seat, having spent at least 17 years in school prior to entering the profession.  This experience is what Lortie (1975) called an “apprenticeship of observation.”  Although there are some benefits to this vast experience, it comes at a cost.

Throughout their years in school, most teachers’ experiences have included examples of less-effective instructional practices.  Modeling is a fruitful way to redesign these pedagogical approaches.  For example, testing in recent decades has focused some teachers’ instruction on acquisition of facts as a learning goal.  This goal may manifest itself in the use of fill-in-the-blank worksheets and closed discussions with teacher as dispenser of knowledge.  If you are working with a teacher who has inherited such practices, it’s time for an instructional remodel!

First, find a thoughtful way to call attention to the practice that needs replacing.  Think like an architect.  What is it that’s ineffective in the current set-up?  Why?  Be able to describe it.  Be able to back the concern with more than a logical explanation.  Acknowledging the impact of past experience and then drawing in the voice of an outside expert by using an article or citing research can diffuse the finger-pointing feeling.  Then help the teacher to see the redesign you’re envisioning.

Modelling can serve as a blueprint for redesigning instruction.  It can help a teacher overcome less-effective practices absorbed through their “apprenticeship” and apprentice them into more effective instruction.  As you model, encourage the teacher to look for the differences – specifics ways in which she can remodel what she’s been doing to update instruction.  For example, to remodel the less-effective teacher-as-dispenser and student-as-fill-in-the-blanker routines, the teacher might notice your open-ended questions and the ways in which you use graphic organizers to support student thinking. 

Remodeling can be overwhelming as a DIY project, but with a coach for support and modeling to provide a blueprint, the teacher you are working with can move forward successfully with their redesign project!

Lortie, D. (1975).  Schoolteacher: A sociological study. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

This week, you might want to take a look at:

A video about revising a lesson:



A collection of articles about elementary math instruction, including teaching fractions, understanding spatial skills, and the role of gender in math instruction:


An article from the coach’s perspective about purposeful guided reading lessons and grouping students for instruction:



An article from Teen’s Health on test anxiety (includes an audio link to have the article read aloud):



Using the internet safely:



That’s it for this week.  Happy Coaching!

Friday, March 7, 2014

Close Reading and Romance?

What do close reading and romance have to do with each other?  A lot, according to S.I. Kishor, author of the short story, “Appointment with Love.”

I usually steer clear of the Common Core Wars and focus my blog comments on coaching-specific topics.  But this week I watched a short (28 minute!) movie that exemplified my own view on close reading so well that I felt the blog could take a detour.  Math folks, don’t stop reading – the main character in the movie is a high school math teacher!

Without being a spoiler, I’ll just say that the movie, called “The Book and the Rose,” (and taken from the short story referenced above) tells the tale of a couple who initially meets and eventually falls in love because of notes sprawled in the margins of a donated book.  A spunky and insightful personality is illuminated by those marginal comments, providing an authentic model for close reading. 

Unfortunately, with adoption of the Common Core, close reading has sometimes turned into a very formulaic enterprise.  “That’s not how you do close reading,” I recently heard.  “You don’t think about author’s language use until the third read.”  But what if that idea happens to pop into your head the first or second time you read a selection?  Or what if it there’s one sentence that is actually worth rereading four or five times, because you just love the way it sounds, or the image it paints, or what it makes you think about?

My point is, close reading is a very good thing.  And it is exactly what the name implies: reading closely.  It shouldn’t require a formula.  It should require an active mind and attention to things both big and little that are hiding in the writing. 

Can you know someone’s mind and heart by reading their responses to a book through the notes they wrote in the margins?  I suppose it depends on the book.  And I know it depends on the reader.  Watching a short romance movie got me thinking about how close reading can mean spilling our thoughts – our conundrums, our querries, and our insights - onto the margins of a page.  If you want to convince someone of the merits of close reading (and that someone is a hopeless romantic!), you just might want to share the movie, “The Book and the Rose” (available now on Netflix).

That’s it for my blatant movie promotion – next week I promise to return to my more staid comments about coaching!


This week, you might want to take a look at:

The text from the original short story, “Appointment with Love.”  WARNING:  It doesn’t portray the essence of close reading – you’ve got to watch the movie for that.  And if you’re going to watch the movie, don’t read the short story until after watching the movie!


I bought the movie on Amazon so I could show clips at an upcoming professional development meeting.  You can find it at:



Okay, now I’m really done with the movie promotion. 

Here's video about acting out word problems:



Do teachers need to switch things up now that spring is around the corner?  Here’s a Pinterest board about the thinking behind varying seating arrangements:


Tips for professional development:  What to do when people are talking while you’re presenting:




That’s it for this week.  Happy coaching!

Saturday, March 1, 2014

Variety is the Spice of Life – and Coaching!

No two teachers are alike, so no two coaching cycles will be, either!  The GIR coaching model can serve as a guide no matter who you are working with, but where you begin and the way you move through it will change every time. 

Working with Expert Teachers:

When I talked to a coach who was working with an expert teacher to implement the CCSS, she said, “She really didn’t need the modeling, or the recommending, either.  I jumped right in with questioning.  That helped support her thinking and reflection.”  But later, when the same teacher was working on differentiation – a complex teaching skill – modeling and recommending were included before moving to less-supportive coaching approaches.

Working with Novice Teachers:

Another coach talked about how the model guided her as she worked with a less-confident teacher.  “She really needed the modeling,” she said, “and at first even that wasn’t working.  She didn’t know what to pay attention to.  Modeling started working better once I gave her very specific things to watch for.”  Then they moved into recommending – a phase that lasted a long, long time!  Questioning finally became the dominant move (even though recommending lingered) very late in the coaching cycle.  And the coach felt they never made it to praising when she commended the teacher’s work; it still felt more like affirming, because the teacher seemed still to be looking for validation.

The Upward-Trending Line

I hope the GIR Model will be a guide for you as you work with a variety of teachers.  Coaches have told me that keeping the upward-trending squiggly line from the model in the minds helps their coaching move forward so they don’t get stuck in a coaching cycle.  Teachers increase in competence and confidence (even with difficult instructional approaches) as we continually push the upper limits of their ZPD’s by adjusting our support.  You’ll likely use a variety of the coaching moves described (modeling, recommending, questioning, affirming, praising) at some point during each coaching cycle – and with some teachers, you’ll hang onto an approach throughout the time you are work together.  But shifting which move is dominant – which one you are doing the most of – helps to move your work forward.   So change it up every time, in response to teachers’ needs.  Variety is the spice of life – and coaching!


This week, you might want to take a look at:

A quick video about anecdotal records:



Touchy topics sure to get the ideas flowing for opinion/argument writing:



Tips for handling questions during professional presentations:



Drawing diagrams of a word problem makes a big difference!  Check out ideas for support this strategy at:



If you have the patience to listen to (or skim through) this recording, you’ll find an incredibly powerful message about student engagement and learning (don’t stop at the computer part – that’s not really what it’s about):



Just for fun……12 Things you should never say to a teacher: