Asking
questions is the fulcrum of the GIR model, the coaching moves that gives
the bulk of the decision-making to the teacher. If you have been working with a teacher on
something that was new for them, like differentiation or technology
integration, you probably offered a lot of support initially, modeling and
making recommendations. When teachers have more experience with the approach,
you want them to take ownership for it. You do this by asking questions – but
be careful what you ask.
Math
teachers sometimes talk about two types of questions: funneling and focusing.
Funneling questions start broad and get narrow, leading the learner to your answer – the idea or approach you
had in your head. Focusing questions support the learner’s responses and guide them
based on their own problem-solving pattern. Although there are times when
funneling is the right approach, when you are ready to tip the balance and
shift responsibility to the teacher, focusing questions will be your friend.
A
focusing pattern of questioning will center on the teacher’s contributions. You
listen to the teacher and consider her responses, asking follow-up questions
that center on these ideas. The result
is a conversation built on your expectation that the teacher now has the
experience to think strategically about how to use the new approach. Focusing questions demonstrate your respect
for the teacher’s ideas.
Focusing
questions are more open-ended and thought-provoking than funneling ones. Compare
the two coaching conversations below:
Funneling
Teacher: I’m planning the final project for the unit and wanted to think of some ways to differentiate.
Coach: We’ve talked about
differentiating the process, product, and content. Do you want to try
differentiating all three for this project?
Teacher:
Sure.
Coach: Have you considered using the RAFT format?
Teacher: I don’t think I’ve heard of
that.
Coach: RAFT is an acronym that stands
for Role of the writer, audience, format, and topic. You make a chart to give
students choices about each.
This
is an extreme example, but you get the idea. It is the coach’s thinking that is
at the center of this conversation.
Here’s another example:
Focusing
Teacher: I’m planning the final project for the unit and wanted to think of some ways to differentiate.
Coach: What are some of the ideas
you’ve been thinking about for the project?
Teacher: I really don’t have any solid
ideas yet, but I want students to really be able to demonstrate that they
understand different perspectives about immigration.
Coach: You want each student’s project to represent
multiple perspectives?
Teacher: Maybe. Or maybe they could
choose which perspective they want to represent. And then when they present,
everyone would experience those multiple perspectives.
Coach: Hmmmm. Either way could be valuable. Do you think
students could be successful with either type of project – taking multiple
perspectives or choosing one to focus on?
Teacher: Some could handle a multiple
perspectives project, but I’m feeling like we’d get to the same purpose, and
maybe go deeper, if each student chose a perspective they wanted to represent.
Coach: So, what are those
perspectives? Do you want to give students a list to choose from?
In this conversation, the coach guides the teacher to examine her own ideas. Although funneling might be a helpful form of questioning when there is one right answer or when a teacher gets stuck, a focusing conversation supports teacher exploration and problem-solving, giving the teacher ownership for solutions. Focusing tips the scale, giving the teacher the problem-solving power.
---------
For more about funneling and focusing questions, check out Episode 9 of My Coaches Couch, the podcast (also available in your podcast app).
This week, you might want to
take a look at:
Teacher: I’m planning the final project for the unit and wanted to think of some ways to differentiate.
Coach: Have you considered using the RAFT format?
Teacher: I’m planning the final project for the unit and wanted to think of some ways to differentiate.
In this conversation, the coach guides the teacher to examine her own ideas. Although funneling might be a helpful form of questioning when there is one right answer or when a teacher gets stuck, a focusing conversation supports teacher exploration and problem-solving, giving the teacher ownership for solutions. Focusing tips the scale, giving the teacher the problem-solving power.
For more about funneling and focusing questions, check out Episode 9 of My Coaches Couch, the podcast (also available in your podcast app).
If
you want to strive for more balance, consider the acronym SPREAD:
https://choiceliteracy.com/article/spread-teaching-and-a-balanced-life/
PD
approaches for coaches:
https://www.edutopia.org/article/group-instructional-coaching-models
A
short video on getting students to focus on learning, not grades:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJoKocHOdnI
Using Super Bowl ads in
the classroom:
https://www.frankwbaker.com/mlc/super-bowl-ads/
Reminder
to talk “with” students, not “at” them (keep watching…):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Nyr1OizVo0
That’s it for this week. Happy
Coaching!
Want more coaching tips? Check out my book, Differentiated Mentoring & Coaching in Education: From Preservice Teacher to Expert Practitioner, available from Teachers College Press! I’m so excited to share it with you! You can use the code: FEB2026 for 15% off. Click here and I’ll email you the free Book Group Study Guide that includes questions, prompts, and activities you can use as you share the book with colleagues. I hope you’ll love this book as much as I loved making it for you!
https://choiceliteracy.com/article/spread-teaching-and-a-balanced-life/
https://www.edutopia.org/article/group-instructional-coaching-models
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJoKocHOdnI
https://www.frankwbaker.com/mlc/super-bowl-ads/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Nyr1OizVo0
Want more coaching tips? Check out my book, Differentiated Mentoring & Coaching in Education: From Preservice Teacher to Expert Practitioner, available from Teachers College Press! I’m so excited to share it with you! You can use the code: FEB2026 for 15% off. Click here and I’ll email you the free Book Group Study Guide that includes questions, prompts, and activities you can use as you share the book with colleagues. I hope you’ll love this book as much as I loved making it for you!





